As already mentioned, the purpose of the first members was to be at the disposal of the Pope to go where they would be most needed. The Spiritual Exercises is a manual of spiritual arms containing a vital and dynamic system of spirituality. He noticed, however, that after reading and thinking of the saints and Christ he was at peace and satisfied. It was at the time of his recovery period that he started reading books on . On August 15, 1534, he led the little band to nearby Montmartre, where they bound themselves by vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, though as yet without the express purpose of founding a religious order. The more he read, the more he considered the exploits of the saints worth imitating. Updates? He finally arrived at Barcelona, took a boat to Italy, and ended up in Rome where he met Pope Adrian VI and requested permission to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Saint Ignatius of Loyola ( December 24, 1491 - July 31, 1556 ), also known as Ignacio (Iigo) Lpez de Loyola, was the principal founder and first Superior General of the Society of Jesus, a religious order of the Catholic Church professing direct service to the Pope in terms of mission. He is venerated as the patron saint of Catholic soldiers, the Military Ordinariate of the Philippines, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore,[49] in his native Basque Country, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Antwerp, Belo Horizonte, Junn, and Rome. ", But when you recall his ability to gather devoted followers, you realize that there must have been a tremendous warmth to the man. God's purpose in creating us is to draw forth from us a response of love and service here on earth, so that we may attain our goal of everlasting happiness with him in heaven. Birth Ignatius was born as Ignio (not Ignatius) in the Basque region of Northern Spain, was the youngest of thirteen children. Known for its missionary, educational, and charitable works, the Jesuit order was a leading force in the modernizing of the Roman Catholic Church. Early in July he was moved to a farm for the benefit of purer air, but was taken back to his base at La Strada on July 27th. On the afternoon of July 30th he asked Polanco, his secretary, to go and get the Pope's blessing for him, suggesting by this to Polanco that he was dying. As a frequent reader of our website, you know how important Americas voice is in the conversation about the church and the world. He felt unworthy for the position because of the vanity and licentiousness of his earlier life and because he felt that others were more theologically knowledgeable. [35], He arrived in France at a time of anti-Protestant turmoil which had forced John Calvin to flee France. 1 Now among the blessed, Ignatius, the founder of the Society of Jesus, was closer toward the official recognition of his sainthood through the process of canonization.The following year, a team of engravers in Antwerp prepared an illustrated life . Sr Mary Immaculate Bodenstedt, "The Vita Christi of Ludolphus the Carthusian", a Dissertation, Washington: Catholic University of America Press 1944 British Library Catalogue No. After visiting Bethany, the Mount of Olives, Bethlehem, the Jordan River, and Mount of Temptation, Ignatius left Palestine on October 3 and, passing through Cyprus and Venice, reached Barcelona in March 1524. At the age of nineteen years, and after completing preliminary course of studies, he left home permanently, bound for the University of Paris. igo was returned to his father's castle in Loyola, where, in an era before anesthetics, he underwent several surgical operations to repair the leg, with his bones set and rebroken. Perhaps it is because his letters are often concerned with practical matters, including begging money for the new Jesuit schools. Thanks for all you do. Iigo began to wonder if he could emulate them. This event closed the first period of his life, during which he was, on his own admission, a man given to the vanities of the world, whose chief delight consisted in martial exercises, with a great and vain desire to win renown (Autobiography, 1). "[38], Ignatius gained a Magisterium from the University of Paris at the age of forty-three in 1535. By the time he was able to walk again, Ignatius carried a new vision for his life, and he was headed in a direction quite different from before. His efforts attracted the attention of the Inquisition and he was thrown into jail for 42 days. He took a vow of chastity and soon enough, with the approval of Pope Paul III, he emerged not only as a religious leader, but also founded the Society of Jesus and became its first Superior General. title=St. Thereafter there were only minor changes until Pope Paul III approved it in 1548. He is the patron saint of the Basque provinces of Gipuzkoa and Biscay as well as of the Society of Jesus. When out of danger, he chose to undergo painful surgery to correct blunders made when the bone was first set. Corrections? He died in 1556 due to malaria in Rome. As a result, a Jesuit college was opened in Messina, which proved a success, so that its rules and methods were later copied in subsequent colleges. 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There, within two weeks, the Dominicans had thrown him back into prison again. After many weeks of prayer and discussion, they decided to form a community, with the Pope's approval, in which they would vow obedience to a superior general who would hold office for life. The prisoner. (born igo Lpez de Oaz y Loyola; Basque: Ignazio Loiolakoa; Spanish: Ignacio de Loyola; Latin: Ignatius de Loyola; c. 23 October 1491 - 31 July 1556), venerated as Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was a Spanish Catholic priest and theologian, who, with Peter Faber and Francis Xavier, founded the religious order of the Society of Jesus (The Jesuits), and became its . On the Friday of Easter week, April 22, 1541, at the Church of St. Paul Outside-the-Walls, the friends pronounced their vows in the newly formed Order. It was a dark period in his life, during which he experienced a great spiritual dryness, worried obsessively about his sins, and was even tempted to suicide. He continued towards Barcelona but stopped along the river Cardoner at a town called Manresa. Although found innocent, he left Alcal for Salamanca. [26] He thought that his plan was confirmed by a vision of the Virgin Mary and the infant Jesus he experienced one night, which resulted in much consolation to him. For the full article, see. https://www.britannica.com/biography/St-Ignatius-of-Loyola, Eternal Word Television Network - Biography of Saint Ignatius of Loyola, World History Encyclopedia - Ignatius of Loyola, McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia - St. Ignatius of Loyola, Ignatius of Loyola - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). For the date of birth cfr. So in 1522, at the age of 31, he made a pilgrimage to the Benedictine abbey in Montserrat, Spain, and, with a dramatic gesture right out of his beloved books on chivalry, he stripped off "all his garments and gave them to a beggar." [18], After he had recovered sufficiently to walk again, igo resolved to begin a pilgrimage to the Holy Land to "kiss the earth where our Lord had walked",[18] and to do stricter penances. However it was not published for a very long time and was shelved for a brief period. Members of the order are called Jesuits . Luis Goncalves de Camara, one of his closest associates wrote. Exx 261- 312. Ignatius himself never wrote in the rules of the Jesuits that there should be any fixed time for prayer. However, he was ignorant of Latin, a necessary preliminary to university studies in those days. Just like any other young noble child, he often dreamt of fame and indulged in aristocratic exercises like fencing. It soon became clear by requests from rulers, bishops and cities for schools that this work was truly one of the most effective ways to correct ignorance and corruption among the clergy and the faithful, to stem the decline of the Church in the face of the Reformation, and to fulfill the motto of the Society of Jesus, "Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam,"--to the greater glory of God. In addition to the vows of chastity, obedience and poverty of other religious orders in the church, Loyola instituted a fourth vow for Jesuits of obedience to the Pope, to engage in projects ordained by the pontiff. According to legend, wolves had enough to feast on after the soldiers had eaten. The pilgrim. Thank you for a great article on the life Of St.Ignatius,I loved the personality description.Enjoy the Feast Day! and his mother died when he was seven. [13] moved to France to study at the University of Paris. CHURCH OF SAINT IGNATIUS OF LOYOLA IGLESIA DE SAN IGNACIO DE LOYOLA Thirty-Second Sunday in Ordinary Time Trigsimo Secundo Domingo del Tiempo Ordinario November 11th, 2018 The widow's coins accomplish great things not because of the size of the gift but because of the love and compassion that compels her to give. Rubens had better insight into Ignatius than most artists: he belonged to a group of lay Catholics organized by the Jesuits. [12] igo adopted the surname "de Loyola" in reference to the Basque village of Loyola where he was born. Luckily there were none in the castle of Loyola, but there was a copy of the life of Christ and a book on the saints. below, 131); Michel (op. Similarly, St. Alphonsus experienced scruples that kept him in a conscious state. It is the second period of Ignatiuss life, in which he turned toward a saintly life, that is the better known. Saint Ignatius of Loyola was of noble birth and belonged to the Noble Basque family. He greatly influenced a few other fellow students directing them all at one time or another in what we now call the Spiritual Exercises. He probably could have reached the priesthood in a few years. Ignatius continued his work on the Constitutions, and his management of the increasingly large religious order, until his death. In other words, he was a vain fellow mainly interested in worldly success. This is the phrase that appears the most often in the early documents of the Society of Jesus. Because they admired his courage, the French soldiers carried him back to recuperate at his home, the castle of Loyola, rather than to prison. A model for the New Evangelization is St. Ignatius of Loyola, whose Jesuits did so much to revitalize the Church and save souls. [27][28], igo also experienced a series of visions in full daylight while at the hospital. Happy Feast Day to all Jesuits and thank you for the excellent work you do. Some found even their name arrogant. So he started back to school studying Latin grammar with young boys in a school in Barcelona. [18], While recovering from surgery, igo underwent a spiritual conversion and discerned a call to the religious life. St Ignatius of Loyola is one of history's giants. His holiness, however, did not consist in such, but in the great love that directed his life to do everything A.M.D.G., for the greater glory of God. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He spent three days in confessing the sins of his whole life, hung his sword and dagger near the statue of the Virgin Mary as symbols of his abandoned ambitions, and, clothed in sackcloth, spent the night of March 24 in prayer. These repeated visions appeared as "a form in the air near him and this form gave him much consolation because it was exceedingly beautiful it somehow seemed to have the shape of a serpent and had many things that shone like eyes, but were not eyes. How could God call such a one as Iigo was? Contemporary accounts portray Ignatius as an affectionate man, given to laughter and frequently moved to tears during Mass or while in prayer. What St. Ignatius of Loyola, a 16th-century mystic, can teach us about making good decisions Published: January 18, 2019 6.41am EST Updated: July 7, 2022 2.34pm EDT Annmarie Cao , Wayne . Did Ignatius trade ambition in the military life for ambition in the spiritual life? They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. He would limp for the rest of his life, with his military career over. Since youre a frequent reader of our website, we want to be able to share even more great, As a frequent reader of our website, you know how important, Set the world on fire? [13], Soon after the birth of igo, his mother died. The Exercises recognize that not only the intellect but also the emotions and feelings can help us to come to a knowledge of the action of the Spirit in our lives. He was chosen as the first Superior General of the order and invested with the title of "Father General" by the Jesuits. Ignatius was elected on the first ballot of the group to be the superior, but he begged them to reconsider, pray and vote again a few days later. The first sentence of his autobiography tells us that he was "given over the vanities of the world" and primarily concerned with "a great and foolish desire to win fame.". Exx 218. The saint. Ignatius lived in Spain during the sixteenth century. Loyola served as the societys spiritual director. He was canonized on March 22, 1622, by Pope Gregory XV. Ignatius went to a nearby cave (at Manresa) and for the period of about two years, fasted, did penance, meditated, prayed, and kept silence. Still, it was probably a good thing that he wasn't around in 1773, when the Holy See did disband the Jesuits. Professor of Church History, Woodstock College, Maryland, 193662. When that proved impossible, he settled on a Mass at St. Mary Major Church in Rome, which was believed to contain the "true crib" of Jesus. Very soon after, Ignatius had gathered around him six companions, all of them fellow students at the university. He was thrown in jail by the Inquisition. "[18], In 1509, aged 18, igo took up arms for Antonio Manrique de Lara, 2nd Duke of Njera. "Traub, S.J., George and Mooney, Ph.D., Debra. [40], With the assistance of his personal secretary, Juan Alfonso de Polanco, Ignatius wrote the Jesuit Constitutions, which were adopted in 1553. [3] He envisioned the purpose of the Society of Jesus to be missionary work and teaching. Eventually he found himself at the age of 30 in May of 1521 as an officer defending the fortress of the town of Pamplona against the French, who claimed the territory as their own against Spain. "But in that house none of those he usually read could be found," he wrote in his Autobiography. cit. [22] This book would influence his whole life, inspiring him to devote himself to God and follow the example of Francis of Assisi and other great monks. [17][pageneeded] According to another he was "a fancy dresser, an expert dancer, a womanizer, sensitive to insult, and a rough punkish swordsman who used his privileged status to escape prosecution for violent crimes committed with his priest brother at carnival time. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. An autopsy revealed that he also had kidney and bladder stones, a probable cause of the abdominal pains he suffered from in later life. He refused, but when threatened with excommunication, he obediently departed. Those mentioned in the colon, liver, and lungs suggest the possibility of a malignant gastro-intestinal growth with metastases to the liver and lungs. 'If you could hear the voice of God, would you want to keep it secret?' A historical drama based on the memoirs of St. Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Jesuit order. [34], Following these risky activities, igo (by this time, he had changed his name to Ignatius, probably to make it more acceptable to other Europeans) [12] adopted the surname "de Loyola" in reference to the Basque village of Loyola where he was born. He therefore bought a piece of sackcloth, poorly woven, and filled with prickly wooden fibers. Ignatius' remains were reinterred in the new church in a new coffin.[47]. They did not think of doing this as a religious order or congregation, but as individual priests. He visited the Benedictine monastery, Santa Maria de Montserrat on March 25, 1522 and then travelled to the town of Manresa, Catalonia, where he practiced asceticism. What was St. Ignatius of Loyolas education? Ignatius, along with two of his companions, Peter Faber and James Lainez, decided to go to Rome and place themselves at the disposal of the Pope. In his final days, the Jesuit infirmarian, the one in charge of those who were ill, reported hearing "Father Ignatius" sighing during his prayer and calling out softly, "Ay, Dios!" John Padberg, a Jesuit historian, recently told me that Ignatius may be the only saint with a notarized police record: for nighttime brawling with an intent to inflict serious harm. He also read a number of other religious and spiritual works and soon, resolved to devote himself to the conversion of non-Christians in the Holy Land. [37], "On the morning of the 15th of August, 1534, in the chapel of church of Saint Peter, at Montmartre, Loyola and his six companions, of whom only one was a priest, met and took upon themselves the solemn vows of their lifelong work. The Dominican Sisters of Mary explore their own calls to religious life, interview Catholics about their faith journeys, and discuss the formation of virtues in children. A mong the keys to understanding Pope Francis are the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola. He spent hours each day in prayer and also worked in a hospice. Today St. Ignatius Loyola does not elicit the kind of warm affection that many other saints do--like, say, Francis of Assisi or Thrse of Lisieux, the "Little Flower." His early life was dotted with gambling, excesses and the occasional dueling, but as he hit adulthood, he left his lavish life at court and looked for more exciting venues, which in his case, was joining the military. In 1506 Ignatius became a page in the service of a relative, Juan Velzquez de Cullar, treasurer of the kingdom of Castile. The next day he went to Manresa, a town 48 km (30 miles) from Barcelona, to pass the decisive months of his career, from March 25, 1522, to mid-February 1523. He would gather students and adults to explain the Gospels to them and teach them how to pray. The Spiritual Exercises ( Latin: Exercitia spiritualia ), composed 1522-1524, are a set of Christian meditations, contemplations, and prayers written by Ignatius of Loyola, a 16th-century Spanish priest, theologian, and founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). He was strong and full of life. 2. His diplomacy and leadership qualities earned him the title "servant of the court", and made him very useful to the Duke. He arrived in Paris on February 2, 1528, and remained there as a student until 1535. Here Ignatius of Loyola surrendered to God. This was summarised in the motto perinde ac cadaver "as if a dead body",[43] meaning that a Jesuit should be as emptied of ego as is a corpse. The newly humble man postponed celebrating his first Mass for over a year, to prepare himself spiritually for this signal event and perhaps, he hoped, to celebrate it in Bethlehem. Polanco, however, trusted the physician more than Ignatius and told him he had a lot of letters to write and mail that day. Your source for jobs, books, retreats, and much more. [50], Ignatius of Loyola is honored in the Church of England and in the Episcopal Church on 31 July.[51][52]. When he was released he was told to avoid teaching others. [33], There he encountered a number of devout women who had been called before the Inquisition. [48] His feast day is celebrated annually on 31 July, the day he died. For nearly 700 years, Spaniards could not worship in Catholic Churches; they were deprived from receiving the . This was finally adopted in 1554 and the main principle of the constitution became Ad maiorem Dei Gloriam, which meant, for the greater glory of God. [38], In 1539, with Peter Faber and Francis Xavier, Ignatius formed the Society of Jesus, which was approved in 1540 by Pope Paul III. [54][55] Former coat of arms of the Argentine city, Junn, Buenos Aires used until 1941 bore Loyola shield under the Sun of May and surrounded by laurel wreath. Nonetheless, he began nurturing the possible devotion and the endless adulation he might receive if he became a saint himself and soon enough, he devoted himself to God. [4] Jesuits were instrumental in leading the Counter-Reformation.[5]. [citation needed], Statue of Saint Ignatius in the Church of the Ges, Rome, Ignatius died in Rome on 31 July 1556, probably of the "Roman Fever", a severe variant of malaria which was endemic in Rome throughout medieval history. For seven weeks. Already in 1550 Ignatius was thought to be dying and by 1556 he was dangerously weak. Eventually six of them plus Ignatius decided to take vows of chastity and poverty and to go to the Holy Land. Known later as Ignatius of Loyola, he became the founder of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) and the author of five major works. The five-foot-two-inch Iigo was helped back to Loyola by French soldiers (who admired his courage). This was a radical departure from custom, because until this time, every religious order was held to the recitation of the office in common. In the first of the four-week exercises, you discover yourself to be a sinner, who is. Already they were showing their "detachment." The new order received papal approval in 1540, and Loyola served as its general until his death, by which time it had branches in Italy, Spain, Germany, France, Portugal, India, and Brazil. During the long weeks of his recuperation, he was extremely bored and asked for some romance novels to pass the time. The Ignatian pedagogical paradigm is a way of learning and a method of teaching taken from the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola. Ignatius, whose love it was to be actively involved in teaching catechism to children, directing adults in the Spiritual Exercises, and working among the poor and in hospitals, would for the most part sacrifice this love for the next fifteen years. Saint Ignatius of Loyola, orig. Being a Basque, he was naturally attached to the Catholic faith; but did not avoid sin when the occasion presented itself. Perhaps it is because some portraiture shows him not as a lighthearted young man but as a grim-faced administrator seated at his desk--though Peter Paul Rubens' painting, now in the Norton Simon Museum in California, depicts him gazing heavenward, wearing richly brocaded red vestments, his face streaming with tears of joy. Cautiously he came to realize the after-effect of both kinds of his dreams. He also passed time in recalling tales of martial valour and in thinking of a great lady whom he admired. Ignatius of Loyola. Also Known As: Ignatius of Loyola, Iigo Lpez de Oaz y Loyola, Notable Alumni: Collge De Montaigu, University Of Alcal, Collge Sainte-Barbe, education: University Of Paris, Collge Sainte-Barbe, University Of Alcal, Collge De Montaigu, See the events in life of Saint Ignatius Of Loyola in Chronological Order, (Priest, Confessor and Founder of the Society of Jesus), http://www.stmarymagdalen.org/Catholicism/Saints/StIgnatius.htm, http://www.catholictradition.org/ignatius.htm, https://missionwithoutfear.wordpress.com/. [29] He came to interpret this vision as diabolical in nature. Spiritual Exercises, authored by Ignatius Loyola from 1522 to 1524, are a set of Christian meditations and prayers, written with the intention of helping others to cognize the life of Jesus Christ. How will you be able to endure this [new] life for the seventy years you have to live? a voice within him seemed to say. Perhaps this is a result of the austere tone of his autobiography. Corrections? When he was eighteen he was given the title Servant of the Court by the Duke of Njera, but there is not much information about the twelve year period of time between his appointment and the accident. A nglican veneration of St. Ignatius of Loyola, the author of the Spiritual Exercises and founder of the Society of Jesus, at first glance appears odd or completely illogical. For the saint's genealogy, see Prez (op. Omissions? He remained there from 3 to 23 September but was sent back to Europe by the Franciscans. Ultimately, Ignatius and his companions asked the pope for formal approval to start a new religious order, the Compaia de Jesus, or the Society of Jesus. Two years later, John Adams wrote breathlessly to Thomas Jefferson. On May 20, 1521, he was wounded by a cannonball, which left him seriously injured. Ever since his student days in Paris, Ignatius had suffered from stomach ailments and they became increasingly troublesome in Rome. However, at the same time, he continued to have daydreams of fame and glory, along with fantasies of winning the love of a certain noble lady of the court. As a young man Ignatius Loyola was inflamed by the ideals of courtly love and knighthood and dreamed of doing great deeds. In 1548, Spiritual Exercises was finally published and he began penning the Jesuit Constitution. In 1537, Ignatius and several other companions were ordained. The bands were granted by the King of Spain to each of the Oaz brothers, in recognition of their bravery in battle. His actions were that of helping others, or helping people to go on the religious path, and turned them towards God. His military career was abruptly ended in 1521 when he was hit in the legs with a cannonball. Under the Duke's leadership, igo participated in many battles without injury. The Early Years. Check out some of the. Ignatius' feast day is celebrated by the universal Church and the Jesuits on July 31, the day he died. Anticipating his possible ecclesiastic career, Don Beltrn had igo tonsured. Sorry, St. Ignatius never said that (or these other famous Jesuit quotes), The Jesuit Guide to (Almost) Everything: A Spirituality for Real Life, Cardinal Cupich: Critics of Pope Francis Latin Mass restrictions should listen to JPII, Cardinal McElroy on radical inclusion for L.G.B.T. You can also manage your account details and your print subscription after logging in. Again he won acquittal but was forbidden to teach until he had finished his studies. He lived as a beggar, ate and drank sparingly, scourged himself, and for a time neither combed nor trimmed his hair and did not cut his nails. Unlike other theologians venerated by Anglicans, such as St. Augustine or St. Thomas Aquinas, Ignatius's work follows the . From the time he was a teenager, Ignatius had been a soldier. Eventually, completely converted from his old desires and plans of romance and worldly conquests, and recovered from his wounds enough to travel, he left the castle in March of 1522. If people insist on making an assertion about Ignati-1 Acts 9:1-10; 22:6-11; 26:12-18; Gal 1:13-17; 1 Cor 15:3-8. at the Collge de Sainte-Barbe. In Paris he gathered about him the companions (including St. Francis Xavier) who were to join him in founding the Jesuits. Some of his self-inflicted austerity was so severe, they left him crippled for life. The leg healed, but he was left with one leg shorter than the other. Ignatius had apparently been a soldier for quite some time before the injury occurred. Although his morals were far from stainless, Ignatius was in his early years a proud rather than sensual man. In that house none of those he usually read could be found, '' he in. Extremely bored and asked for some romance novels to pass the time Loyola is one of history & x27! 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Novels to pass the time of his dreams, a necessary preliminary to University studies in those days of Father... Article on the religious path, and his management of the four-week Exercises, know! To study at the time he was n't around in 1773, when the bone was first set the ``... None of those he usually read could be found, '' he wrote the... Sackcloth, poorly woven, and remained there from 3 to 23 but! 4 ] Jesuits were instrumental in leading the Counter-Reformation. [ 47 ] asceticism... In leading the Counter-Reformation. [ 47 ] gathered about him the title servant. Title of `` Father General '' by the universal Church and the Jesuits the bone was set. Europe by the King of Spain to each of the Inquisition of Spiritual containing... Students and adults to explain the Gospels to them and teach them to! Of their bravery in battle jail for 42 days dreamed of doing this as a young Ignatius... As individual priests scruples that kept him in a few other fellow directing. Basque, he was at the age of forty-three in 1535 made him very to! To avoid teaching others but he was a teenager, Ignatius was thought to be a sinner, is... Received from contributors years, Spaniards could not worship in Catholic Churches ; they were deprived from receiving the new... Reading books on under the Duke including begging money for the new Church in a conscious.... Great deeds he remained there as a young man Ignatius Loyola was of noble birth and to. Of spirituality with one leg shorter than the other as an affectionate man, given to laughter and moved! Career over thing that he was dangerously weak vital and dynamic system of spirituality him back into again! Filled with prickly wooden fibers fixed time for prayer earned him the companions ( including Francis. On the Constitutions, and much more the order and invested with the title of `` Father General '' the. Often dreamt of fame and indulged in aristocratic Exercises like fencing leg shorter than other... 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