1. Learn. Pose problems with food consumption Animal meat provides a different source of protein, vitamins and minerals, something that opponents of animal rights claim that will not be found on any vegetable or fruit. However, it can be done in a way that caters for good animal welfare and according to the 3R principles. The certificate shall include at least the information required in section 3.136 (b)(1)-(4). 3). Home Essay Samples Law, Crime & Punishment Animal Cruelty Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Animals For Entertainment Purposes This essay has been submitted by a student. Stability in the soil as possible by the plantation of trees to ensure the base of land, plants, and animals. (Sect. breeders, those who have working animals or farm animals in England and Wales. (Sect.2.40 (a)(1)). This term includes all dogs used for hunting, security or breeding purposes. (a) (1) Each dealer and exhibitor, except auction sales and brokers, shall make and maintain records or forms that correctly disclose the information required in section 2.75 (a) for each dog or cat acquired, held, transported, or disposed of. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. 3.112 (c)). Instructions for no feed or water are not acceptable unless directed by the attending veterinarian. The completed application, the application fee indicated in section 2.1 (d) and the annual license fee indicated in table 1 or 2 of section 2.6 are to be filed with the APHIS, AC Regional Director. (Sect. (b) A class "B" dealer shall identify all live dogs and cats as indicated in section 2.50 (b). SECTION 1. The basis for exemption must be recorded by the attending veterinarian for each exempted nonhuman primate. For example, the People For The Ethical Treatment Of Animals (PETA) wrote an article regarding the Animal Welfare Act and its inefficiency in protecting lab animals. As a library service, AWIC provides information, products and services related to the improved care and use of animals in research, testing, and teaching as . (h) Documents accompanying the shipment shall be attached in an easily accessible manner to the outside of the primary enclosure. 8.12 The Animal Welfare Act 2006 (which applies in England and Wales), the Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) Act 2006 and the Welfare of Animals (Northern Ireland) Act 2011 contain provisions to safeguard the welfare of animals. Owners and keepers have a duty of care to their animals and must make sure they meet their needs: Instructions for no food or water are not acceptable unless directed by the attending veterinarian. Because of how expensive animal testing is some companies even go as far as to breed animals specifically for testing so they can sell them for a high price. Specifically, to be "protected" an animal must be determined to be under one of the following three scenarios: (a) of a kind . (b) One copy of the record shall be given to the consignor of each animal, one copy to the purchaser of each animal, and one copy shall be retained by the auction sale or broker. Animal rights put a stop on such research, risking the lives of humans in the process. Most of its points of legislation have been . Sections. Welfare Act, 2 J. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) requires that minimum standards of care and treatment be provided for certain animals bred for commercial sale;used in research, teaching, ortesting;transported commercially;or exhibited to the public. 89% of scientists surveyed by the Pew Research Center were in favor of animal testing for scientific research. This will result in destruction of economies based on these products. A strong advocate of animal rights is the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals or PETA. (Sect.2.80 (b)). Section 2.31 (c)(6) and (7) requires the IACUC to review and approve, or make modifications to, proposed and ongoing activities related to the care and use of animals as specified in section 2.31(d). One copy of the record must accompany each animal shipment. the future of animal welfare in the UK will be. (Sect.2.126 (a)(1)). Visitors to zoos have the ability to get close to animals that might be dangerous or so rare that seeing them in their natural habitat might be impossible. (c) Carriers and intermediate handlers whose facilities fail to meet the minimum temperature allowed by the standards may accept for transportation or transport, in commerce, any live animal . if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate executed by a veterinarian . on a specific date which shall not be more than 10 days prior to delivery of such animal for transportation in commerce, stating that such live animal is acclimated to air temperatures lower than those prescribed in sections 3.141 and 3.142. The original intent of the Animal Welfare Act was to regulate the use and care of animals in a laboratory setting on a federal level. Unless the basis for exemption is a permanent condition, the exemption must be reviewed at least every 30 days by the attending veterinarian." Ethical concerns. Most welfare programs are not designed to be a long-term income solution. Animal testing should be abolished because it is unnecessary, inaccurate, and cruel to animals. The records shall be in accordance with sections 2.75 and 2.76 unless the animals are lost or stray. As it turns out, when your herd suffers, your ROI suffers too. Should animals be treated like humans, then? (1) If, in the opinion of the attending veterinarian, it is inappropriate for certain dogs to exercise because of their health, condition, or well-being, the dealer or exhibitor may be exempted from meeting the requirements of this section for those dogs. What is even worse is that when an animal dies, the ecosystem will be damaged and human beings will pay for the price. The article explained that no experiment is prohibited, no matter how grievous or petty; that painkillers are never required; and when alternatives to animal test subjects are feasible, federal law does not require their use. Contribution to the understanding of animal behavior. Proponents, however, would say that animals should be free from human exploitation and cruelty, even if they are below humans in the natural world chain. Instructions for the administration of drugs, medication, and other special care must be attached to each primary enclosure in a manner that makes them easy to notice, to detach for examination, and to reattach securely. (a) ". Consignors who are subject to Animal Welfare regulations (9 CFR parts 1, 2 and 3) must certify that each nonhuman primate was offered food and potable water within the 4 hours preceding delivery of the nonhuman primate to a carrier or intermediate handler for transportation in commerce, and must certify the date and time the food and potable water was offered, in accordance section 3.86 (c) of this subpart." Throughout its 25-year history, the Five Domains Model for animal welfare assessment has been regularly updated to include at each stage the latest authenticated developments in animal welfare science thinking. 3.89 (a)). (e) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a dog or cat for transport in commerce unless their animal holding area meets the minimum temperature requirements provided in sections 3.18 and 3.19 of this subpart, or unless the consignor provides them with a certificate signed by a veterinarian and dated no more than 10 days before delivery of the animal , certifying that the animal is acclimated to temperatures lower than those required in sections 3.18 and 3.19 of this subpart. A copy of the certification must accompany the dog or cat to its destination and must include the information required in section 3.13 (e)(1)-(4). (b) "Guinea pigs shall not be housed in outdoor facilities unless such facilities are located in an appropriate climate and prior approval for such outdoor housing is obtained from the Deputy Administrator." In 1966, the Animal Welfare Act was signed into law and is enforced by the Animal Care, APHIS and USDA. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS The primary animal protection legislation is the Welfare of Animals Act (Northern Ireland) 2011 ('the 2011 Act'), and the Animal Health and Welfare Act 2013. Many may argue that the use of animals for entertainment is ok because it is what the animals were born to do (ProQuest Staff); however,the use of animals for entertainment is not okay and constitutes animal cruelty because the animals are not getting the care they need, and the animals are suffering. A copy of such certificate shall accompany the shipment to destination. To learn more about certification programs, visitAWIC'sCertification Programspage. Most livestock production industries in the United States have developed and implemented science-based animal care guidelines. 3.60 (b)). The scientists used monkeys and rodents as their primary test subjects. A copy of such certificate shall accompany the shipment to destination. (Sect. There is a proviso that field studies as defined in Part 1 are exempt from this requirement. (a) Each dealer and exhibitor, shall, during business hours, allow APHIS officials: (1) To enter its place of business. According to PETA, the animals who are in research and testing shake and cower in fear whenever someone walks past their cages and their blood pressure spikes drastically. Section numbers are provided for reference. Animal Husbandry is the agricultural practice of raising livestock for profit to humans in different ways. Learn. Section 3.14 Primary enclosures used to transport live dogs and cats. The Five Freedoms: Freedom from Hunger and Thirst - by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour. A copy of such certificate shall accompany the shipment to destination. Specific Purpose: By the end of my speech, the audience will know about the problem of conducting experiments on animals and the ethical issue of the cruel treatment of animals by the researchers. Although animal research plays a crucial role in experiments focused on disease treatments and preventions, it is cruel, inhumane, and should be stopped. The Act is enforced byUSDA,APHIS, Animal Care. (Sect. "The Blue Book" contains the most up-to-date version (May 2022) of the AWAand its regulations. The disadvantage with animal rights is that it equates animal life with human life. (Sect. The corresponding Act for Scotland is the Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) Act 2006. Some people believe that animal, The Pros And Cons Of The Animal Welfare Act. Improving . This is in contrast to animal welfare legislation, which assumes that some conditions are unavoidable collateral. improve welfare and reduce losses in poultry. Many different animals are used in scientific studies such as rabbits, mice, primates, dogs, cats, pigs, and cows. No person subject to the Animal Welfare regulations shall offer for transportation or transport.any live rabbit in a primary enclosure that does not conform to the requirements in section 3.61. Shipping documents that must accompany shipments of dogs and catsmust be securely attached in a readily accessible manner to the outside of any primary enclosure that is a part of the shipment, in a manner that allows them to be detached for examination and securely reattached. Section 2.1 Requirements and application. There are countless other types of exploitation including: intentional torture, organized abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, experimentation, puppy mills, greyhound, The Animal Bill of Rights is a petition sponsored by the Animal Legal Defense Fund that protects animals from unnecessary suffering caused by humans. Animals like rats, mice, birds and other cold-blooded animals are excluded from this law. It performs a significant role in improving the welfare of humans, for example: 1. These requirements are found in Title 9 CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter A - Animal Welfare, Parts 1, 2, and 3. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) was signed into law on August 24, 1966. Walmart and McDonalds will be using only cage free eggs by 2025. The requirements of the Animal Welfare Act are set forth under the Regulations and Standards in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Although comical, this scene may be quite accurate when describing the passion that animal lovers have when it comes to the touchy subject of animal testing. The requirements for field studies are set forth in Parts 1 and 2 of 9 CFR (2022) and are indicated below. Instructions for administration of drugs, medication, and other special care must be attached to each primary enclosure in a manner that makes them easy to notice, to detach for examination, and to reattach securely. (3) Records of any exemptions must be maintained by the dealer or exhibitor and must be made available to USDA officials upon request. (b) "Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a nonhuman primate for transport in commerce unless they are provided with the name, address, telephone number, and telex number, if applicable, of the consignee." (Sect. All of these factors are expected to be made public in order to display a credible and successful scientific experiment (Kilkenny et al. These requirements are found in Title 9 CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter A - Animal Welfare, Parts 1, 2, and 3. There is a huge difference between giving animals their rights which is less than human beings and not to give them rights at all. Examples include release of birds of prey with foot inju-ries or beak injuries, release of mammals with fractures etc. 1. A copy of such certification shall accompany the shipment to destination. Section numbers are provided for reference. (Sect.2.40 (a)(3)). It was created to approve all animals used in research. Section 3.139 Food and water requirements. (d) "A dealer who acquires a live dog or cat from another dealer must obtain from that dealer the certification required by paragraph (b) of this section and must attach that certification (including any previously attached certification) to the certification which he or she provides pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section (a photocopy of the original certification will be deemed a duplicate original if the dealer does not dispose of all the dogs or cats in a single transaction)." Section 3.87 Primary enclosure used to transport nonhuman primates. Drugs used to prevent and treat cancer, HIV, diabetes, and other serious conditions have all been tested on animals first. Visit AWIC's Animal Welfare Audit and Certification Programs page to learn more. 3.14 (a)(6)). Section 3.35 Consignment to carriers and intermediate handlers. To find USDA-licensed dog breeders, go tothe USDAAnimal Care Public Search Tool. Some of the most obvious advantages of public welfare include a greater level of equality amongst citizens, happier people, and less crime. The certificate shall include the information required in section 3.60 (c)(1)-(4). Not sure where to start in our digital collection? The Animal Welfare Act establishes requirements concerning the transportation, sale, and handling of certain animals and includes restrictions on the importation of dogs for purposes of resale, prohibitions on animal fighting ventures, and provisions intended to prevent the theft of personal pets. APHIS tools can help determine if you should be regulated under the AWA and apply for a license or registration. Laws to protect animals, however, already exist in Europe as early as the 1600s. effect of the Act. The other people would say that the most efficient way goes against the animal's welfare. 3.27 (b)). 2.133 (b)). (a) Each dealer or exhibitor shall have an attending veterinarian who shall provide adequate veterinary care to its animals in compliance with this section. 2. (1) "A research facility shall notify the AC Regional Director by certified mail of any change in the name, address, or ownership, or other change in operations affecting its status as a research facility, within 10 days after making such change.". Increased economic output: Greater trade increased economic output. The Act places the legal burden on the actual person in charge and basically aims to protect the animals from us doing them harm or abusing them and this is what many owners are unaware of. Excluded from this definition are birds, rats of the genus Rattus and mice of the genus Mus, bred for use in research, horses not used for research purposes, and other farm animals used for food, fiber, or production purposes. (g) "A complete necropsy must be conducted by or under the direct supervision of a veterinarian on all marine mammals that die in captivity. Take a look at ourinteractive timeline! (a) A class "A" dealer (breeder) shall identify all live dogs and cats as indicated in section 2.50 (a). (Sect.3.81 (e)(3)). Welfare programs help people during their greatest time of need. However, many animal activist groups such as, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), have spoken out against the issue. (e) "A dealer who completes, provides, or receives a certification required under paragraph (b) of this section shall keep, maintain, and make available for APHIS inspection a copy of the certification for at least 1 year following disposition." The instructions must be attached in a manner that makes them easily noticed and read. This effectively makes the use of animals as research subjects, for entertainment, clothing, food, and as beasts of burden prohibited. (b) (1) Every dealer and exhibitor, except auction sales and brokers, shall make and maintain records or forms for animals other than dogs and cats, acquired, held, transported, or disposed of, as required in section 2.75 (b)(1)-(3). 3.87 (g)). The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) was signed into law on August 24,1966. (Sect.3.8). U.S. law permits animals to be shocked, burned, poisoned, infected with diseases, brain-damaged, and much more. The domains of the most up-to-date Model described here are: 1 Nutrition, 2 Physical Environment, 3 Health, 4 Behavioural Interactions and 5 Mental State. Even when there are other possible ways of experimenting without the use of animals, they are almost never practiced. But opponents of animal rights claim that treatment of animals is just because they lack reason and are nothing more than complex automata. It is the only Federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research, teaching, testing, exhibition, transport, and by dealers. 2. (Sect. The fact that there are diverse consumers with dissimilar perspectives on the meat industry makes animal welfare a complex international public policy controversy that also needs to take economical, scientific, cultural and ethical dimensions into consideration. There are animal welfare benefits to consider. (The plan must include the requirements in this section: 3.101(b)). . Section 2.133 Certification for random source dogs and cats. 3.61 (f)). The requirements of the Animal Welfare Act are set forth under the Regulations and Standards in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Abandonment of Animals Act 1960 Under this legislation, it is an off ence to release any wild animal that is not in a fi t state to survive in the wild. Official websites use .gov The first four domains focus . (c) Carriers or intermediate handlers whose facilities fail to meet the minimum temperatures allowed by the standards may accept.any live rabbit.if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate executed by a veterinarian.on a specified date which shall not be more than 10 days prior to delivery of such rabbit for transportation.stating that such live rabbit is acclimated to air temperatures lower than those prescribed in sections 3.65 and 3.66. Any person subject to the Animal Welfare regulations (9 CFR parts 1, 2 and 3) must not transport or deliver for transport in commerce a dog or cat unless the following requirements are met: (a) (6) The primary enclosure is to be clearly marked on top and on one or more sides with the words "Live Animals", in letters at least 1 inch high, and with arrows or other markings to indicate the correct upright position. If it does, then it can be tested on humans with a lower risk of a negative outcome. Match. 3.61 (g)). After all, humans and certain species are extremely different, resulting in tests that are inconclusive. F or centuries, humans have used animals for food, clothing, companionship, and other purposes. (3) Daily observation of all animals is required to assess their health and well-being. (1) Each research facility, other than a Federal research facility, shall register with the Secretary by completing and filing a properly executed form, which will be furnished upon request, by the AC Regional Director for the State in which the research facility has its principal place of business, and shall be updated every 3 years by the completion and filing of a new registration form. After enduring lives of pain, loneliness and terror, almost all of them will be killed, (Animal Testing 101). chlorine and copper) that are added to the water to maintain water quality standards. Records must be kept documenting the time when all such samples were taken and the results of the sampling. 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advantages and disadvantages of the animal welfare act 2006